​Improving trade in food staples, whether cross-border or domestic, can connect deficit and surplus areas and reduce price volatility. It can also be positive for consumers and producers, in particular smallholders, and can drive inclusive poverty reduction and increased food security.

The literature examining causes of differential abilities to capture food staples market integration in Africa reflects the high level of trade costs both within and between countries on the continent.

This report draws on a comprehensive review of the existing literature, approximately 40 interviews with key actors along the value chain and primary data on production, prices, trade and use of the receipt system.